Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Income Taxes

v3.6.0.2
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
11. Income Taxes

 

We are incorporated in Bermuda. Under current Bermuda law, we are not subject to tax on income and capital gains. We have received from the Minister of Finance under The Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966, as amended, an assurance that, in the event that Bermuda enacts legislation imposing tax computed on profits, income, any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance, then the imposition of any such tax shall not be applicable to us or to any of our operations or shares, debentures or other obligations, until March 31, 2035.

 

The components of net income before income taxes consist of the following (in thousands):

 

    Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2016     2015     2014  
Bermuda   $     $     $  
Foreign - Other     640,303       433,909       340,334  
Net income before income taxes     640,303       433,909       340,334  

 

The components of the provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

    Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2016     2015     2014  
Current:                        
Bermuda   $     $     $  
United States     (8,736 )     (4,621 )     9,162  
Foreign - Other     (2,166 )     (882 )     (3,278 )
Total current:     (10,902 )     (5,503 )     5,884  
Deferred:                        
Bermuda                  
United States     3,684       (1,269 )     (3,617 )
Foreign - Other                  
Total deferred:     3,684       (1,269 )     (3,617 )
Income tax benefit (expense)   $ (7,218 )   $ (6,772 )   $ 2,267  

 

Our reconciliation of income tax benefit (expense) computed by applying our Bermuda statutory rate and reported income tax expense was as follows (in thousands):

 

    Year Ended
December 31,
 
    2016     2015     2014  
Tax at Bermuda statutory rate   $     $     $  
Foreign income taxes at different rates     (10,721 )     (7,864 )     (2,813 )
Tax contingencies     (533 )     (283 )     (275 )
Return to provision adjustments     418       1,370       14,444  
Benefit from change in tax status     24       5       1,462  
Valuation allowance     3,594             (10,551 )
Income tax benefit (expense)   $ (7,218 )   $ (6,772 )   $ 2,267  

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

 

    As of December 31,  
    2016     2015  
Deferred tax assets:                
Loss carryforwards   $ 103,191     $ 85,939  
Other     1,564       1,460  
Valuation allowance     (64,573 )     (61,437 )
Total net deferred assets     40,182       25,962  
Deferred tax liabilities:                
Property and equipment     (44,398 )     (33,862 )
Total deferred tax liabilities     (44,398 )     (33,862 )
Net deferred tax liability   $ (4,216 )   $ (7,900 )
 

We have U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of $256.3 million and $197.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which begin to expire in 2023. We have state net operating loss carryforwards of $12.4 million and $10.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which expire in the years 2025 through 2035. In 2016, based on the weight of available evidence, we reversed a valuation allowance in the amount of $3.6 million with respect to the U.S. deferred tax assets of one of our U.S. subsidiaries.

 

Included above are deferred tax assets associated with our operations in Norway for which we have provided a full valuation allowance. We have Norway net operating loss carryforwards of $22.9 million and $35.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which can be carried forward indefinitely.

 

Included above are deferred tax assets associated with our branch operations in the U.K. for which we have provided a full valuation allowance. We have U.K. net operating loss carryforwards of $9.5 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which can be carried forward indefinitely.

 

On November 19, 2014, we acquired the stock of Prestige. Included above are deferred tax assets associated with Prestige, including net operating loss carryforwards of $151.2 million and $126.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which begin to expire in 2023. In 2014, we recorded a valuation allowance of $36.5 million with respect to the Prestige deferred tax assets based on the weight of available evidence. Section 382 of the Code may limit the amount of taxable income that can be offset by the Prestige NOL carryforwards.

 

The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

 

    As of December 31,  
    2016     2015  
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of the year   $ 11,174     $ 11,174  
Gross increases in tax positions from prior periods     250        
Gross decreases in tax positions from prior periods     (280 )      
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year   $ 11,144     $ 11,174  

 

If the $11.1 million unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2016 were recognized, our effective tax rate would be affected. We believe it is reasonably possible that the expiration of statute of limitations could result in significant reductions to our unrecognized tax benefits within 12 months of the reporting date. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

 

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and foreign jurisdictions. We are generally no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by authorities for years prior to 2011, except for years in which NOLs generated prior to 2011 are utilized.

 

Due to our international structure as well as the existence of international tax treaties that exempt taxation on certain activities, the repatriation of earnings from our subsidiaries would have no tax impact.

 

We derive our income from the international operation of ships. We are engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and receive income from sources within the U.S. Under Section 883, certain foreign corporations are exempt from U. S. federal income or branch profits tax on U.S.-source income derived from or incidental to the international operation of ships. Applicable U.S. treasury regulations provide that a foreign corporation will qualify for the benefits of Section 883 if, in relevant part: (i) the foreign country in which the corporation is organized grants an equivalent exemption for income from the operation of ships of sufficiently broad scope to corporations organized in the U.S., and (ii) the foreign corporation has one or more classes of stock that are “primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market” in the U.S. or another qualifying country. We believe that we qualify for the benefits of Section 883 because we are incorporated in qualifying countries and our ordinary shares are primarily and regularly traded on an established securities market in the U.S.